In 1997 black farmers filed a class action lawsuit, Pigford et al v. Glickman, against the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) alleging racial discrimination in the allocation of farm loans and technical assistance. The lawsuit ended with a settlement in which the USDA agreed to compensate black farmers who were victims of discrimination between 1981 and 1999. On March 2, 1999, NAACP Washington Bureau Director Hilary Shelton testified before District Judge Paul Friedman on the proposed settlement. To date, nearly $1 billion dollars has been paid to over 16,000 farmers.